Classroom Guidelines
1. Single Copying for Teachers
A single copy may be made of any of the following by or
for a teacher at his or her individual request for his
or her scholarly research or use in teaching or
preparation to teach a class:
- A chapter from a book;
- An article from a periodical or newspaper;
- A short story, short essay or short poem, whether or not from a collective work;
- A chart, graph, diagram, drawing, cartoon or picture from a book, periodical, or newspaper;
2. Multiple Copies for Classroom
Use
Multiple copies (not to exceed in any event more than
one copy per pupil in a course) may be made by or for
the teacher giving the course for classroom use or
discussion; provided that:
- The copying meets the tests of brevity and spontaneity as defined below; and,
- Meets the cumulative effect test as defined below; and,
- Each copy includes a notice of copyright.
Definitions
Brevity
(i) Poetry: (a) A complete poem if less than 250 words
and if printed on not more than two pages or, (b) from
a longer poem, an excerpt of not more than 250
words.
(ii) Prose: (a) Either a complete article, story or
essay of less than 2,500 words, or (b) an excerpt from
any prose work of not more than 1,000 words or 10% of
the work, whichever is less, but in any event a minimum
of 500 words.
[Each of the numerical limits stated in "i" and "ii"
above may be expanded to permit the completion of an
unfinished line of a poem or of an unfinished prose
paragraph.]
(iii) Illustration: One chart, graph, diagram, drawing,
cartoon or picture per book or per periodical
issue.
(iv) "Special" works: Certain works in poetry, prose or
in "poetic prose" which often combine language with
illustrations and which are intended sometimes for
children and at other times for a more general audience
fall short of 2,500 words in their entirety. Paragraph
"ii" above notwithstanding, such "special works" may
not be reproduced in their entirety; however, an
excerpt comprising not more than two of the published
pages of such special work and containing not more than
10% of the words found in the text thereof, may be
reproduced.
Spontaneity
(i) The copying is at the instance and inspiration of
the individual teacher, and
(ii) The inspiration and decision to use the work and
the moment of its use for maximum teaching
effectiveness are so close in time that it would be
unreasonable to expect a timely reply to a request for
permission.
Cumulative Effect
(i) The copying of the material is for only one course
in the school in which the copies are made.
(ii) Not more than one short poem, article, story,
essay or two excerpts may be copied from the same
author, nor more than three from the same collective
work or periodical volume during one class term.
(iii) There shall not be more than nine instances of
such multiple copying for one course during one class
term.
[The limitations stated in "ii" and "iii" above shall
not apply to current news periodicals and newspapers
and current news sections of other periodicals.]
III. Prohibitions as to I and II Above
Notwithstanding any of the above, the following shall
be prohibited:
(A) Copying shall not be used to create or to replace
or substitute for anthologies, compilations or
collective works. Such replacement or substitution may
occur whether copies of various works or excerpts
therefrom are accumulated or reproduced and used
separately.
(B) There shall be no copying of or from works intended
to be "consumable" in the course of study or teaching.
These include workbooks, exercises, standardized tests
and test booklets and answer sheets and like consumable
material.
(C) Copying shall not:
- substitute for the purchase of books, publishers’ reprints or periodicals;
- be directed by higher authority;
- be repeated with respect to the same item by the same teacher from term to term.
- No charge shall be made to the student beyond the actual cost of the photocopying.